past perfect continous tense

past perfect continous tense(sudah di mulai dan masih berlangsung di waktu lampau)

di gunakan untuk menunjukan perbuatan yang berlangsung terus pada waktu lampau

contoh
when i came to padang in 2000,he had already been living there about 20 years
ketika saya datang ke padang tahun 2000,ia telah sedang tinggal disana sekitar 20 tahun

rumus

i/we/they/you/she/he/it + had + been verb + ing

positif

i + had + been + studying
we+ had + been + studying
they+ had + been + studying
you+ had + been + studying

she+ had + been + studying
he+ had + been + studying
it+ had + been + studying

negatif

i + had + not + been + studying
we+ had + not + been + studying
they+ had + not + been + studying
you+ had + not + been + studying

she+ had + not + been + studying
he+ had + not + been + studying
it+ had + not + been + studying

introgative

had + i + been + studying
had + we+ been + studying
had + they+ been + studying
had + you+ been + studying

had + she+ been + studying
had + he+ been + studying
had + it+ been + studying


indikasi waktu

when = ketika

past perfect tense

past perfect tense ( lampau selesai)

rumus

i/we/they/you/ she/you/it + had + verb3

di gunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah perbuatan yang sudah terjadi/selesai sebelum suatu perbuatan lain terjadi dan ini terjadi di masa lampau.

contoh

he had fallen before help him
ia telah jatuh sebelum saya tolong

she had loved me before i realized it
dia telah mencintai ku sebelum aku menyadarinya

positif

i + had + understand
we + had + understand
they + had+ understand
you + had+ understand

she + had+ understand
he + had+ understand
it + had+ understand

negatif

i + had + not+ understand
we + had + not + understand
they + had+ not + understand
you + had+ not + understand

she + had+ not + understand
he + had+ not + understand
it + had+ not + understand

introgrative

had +i + understand
had + we + understand
had+ they + understand
had+ you + understand

had+ she + understand
had+ he + understand
had+ it + understand

indikasi waktu

by the end of = menjelang akhir dari
before = sebelum

simple past tense

simple past tense(lampau)

rumus
i/we/they/you /she/he/it + verb2

di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang telah selesai pada waktu lampau

contoh

i went yesterday
saya pergi kemarin

did you go yesterday
apakah kamu pergi kemarin

i didn't go yesteray
saya tidak pergi kemarin

positif

i + went
we+ went
they+ went
you+ went

he+ went
she+ went
it+ went

negatif

i + did + not + go
we+ did + not + go
they+ did + not + go
you+ did + not + go

he+ did + not + go
she+ did + not + go
it+ did + not + go

introgative

did + i + go
did + we + go
did + they + go
did +you + go
did + he + go
did +she + go
did + it + go

indikasi waktu

yesterday = kemarin
the day before = kemarin dulu
ago = yang lalu
the other day = beberapa hari yang lalu
last time= terakhir kali
last monday = senin kemarin
last week = minggu kemarin
this morning = pagi ini
in 1964 = di tahun 1964
so = maka
lately=akhir akhir ini
when i was a girl = ketika saya seorang anak gadis

present perfect tanse

present perfect tanse

rumus
i/we/you/ they have + verb3
he/she/it has + verb3

di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau tetapi masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang

contoh

she has taught here since 1970
ia telah mengajar di sini sejak tahun 1970

menyatakan perbuatan yang telah terjadi
contoh

i have read your letter
saya telah membaca surat mu

positif

i + have + gone
we + have + gone
they + have + gone
you + have + gone

he + has+ gone
she + has + gone
it + has + gone

negatif

i + have +not + gone
we + have +not + gone
they + have +not + gone
you + have +not + gone

he + has +not + gone
she + has +not + gone
it + has +not + gone

introgative

have + i + gone
have +we + gone
have + they + gone
have + you + gone


has + he + gone
has + she + gone
has + it + gone

indikasi waktu

already = sudah
just = baru saja
yet = belum
as yet = hingga sekarang
so far= hingga sekarang
up to the present time= hingga sekarang
lately = akhir akhir ini
ever = pernah
never = tidk pernah
once = satu kali
twice = dua kali
three times = tiga kali
many times = banyak kali
several times beberapa kali
this week = minggu ini
this month = bulan ini
this year = tahun ini

present continous tanse

present continous tanse(sedang berbuat)

rumus to be + verb + ing + ing untuk semua subyek

a.di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung

contoh
they are studying now
mereka sedang belajar sekarang

he is playing football
ia sedang bermain sepak bola

b.menyatakan perbuatan yang bersifat sementara

contoh
she is reading now but she will write soon
ia sedang membaca sekarang tetapi ia akan segera menulis


positif

i + am + going
we + are + going
you + are + going
they + are + going

he + is + going
she + is + going
it + is + going

negatif

i + am + not + going
we + are+ not + going
you + are+ not + going
they + are+ not + going

he + is+ not + going
she + is+ not + going
it + is+ not + going

introgative

am + i + going
are + you + going
are + we + going
are + they + going

is + he + going
is + she + going
is + it + going

indikasi waktu

now = sekarang
right now = sekarang
at present = pada saat ini
at this moment = pada saat ini
today = hari ini
look = lihat
listen = dengar
still = masih
this morning = pagi ini
this afternoon = sore ini

*dapat digunakan untuk past tense juga
this evening = malam ini
tonight = malam ini
tomorrow = besok
next week = minggu depan
next month = bulan depan
next year = tahun depan
this holiday = liburan ini
this weekend = minggu ini
soon = segera * dapat digunakan untuk future tanse

simple present tense

simple present tense(kebiasaan)

rumus i/we/you/they verb
he/she/it verb + s

digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan
contoh

i go to school yesterday
saya pergi ke sekolah setip hari

he always gets up at five o,clock
ia selalu bangun pukul 5

menyatakan kebenaran yang tidak terbantah
contoh

a week has seven days
seminggu ada 7 hari

the sun rises in the east
mata hari terbit di sebelah timur

positif
i+ go
we+ go
you + go
they+ go

he+ goes
she + goes
it+ goes

introgative
do + they + go
do + we + go
do + i + go
do + you + go

does + he+ go
does + she+ go
does + it+ go

negatif
i do + not go
we do + not go
you do + not go
they do + not go

he does + not go
she does + not go
it does + not go

kata kata yang mengindikasikan simple present tanse

always = selalu
usually = biasanya
generally = umumnya
often = sering
sometimes = kadang kadang
seldom= jarang
never = tidak pernah
as a rule = biasanya
frequently = sering
nowadays = sekarang
here = di sini
there = di sana
habitually = biasanya

setiap
every morning = setiap pagi
every day= setiap hari
every monday= setiap senin

kadang kadang
now end then = kadang kadang
on and off= kadang kadang
once in a while= kadang kadang
occassionally= kadang kadang

Tenses

BAB 2

I.Nominal

present tanse
a.simple present tanse
contoh dina and dian read a magazine
dina dan dian membaca sebuah majalah

b.present continous
contoh i am writing the letter now
saya sedang menulis surat sekarang

c.present perfect
contoh we have helped him
kami sudah membantu dia

d.present perfect continous
contoh they have been studying since morning
mereka sudah sedang belajar sejak pagi

2.past tense
a.simple past
contoh the train was seventeen minutes late
kereta api terlambat tujuh belas menit

b.past continous
contoh we were watching tv when they arrived
kita sedang menonton tv ketika mereka datang

c.past perfect
contoh you had slept when i came last night
kau sudah tidur sewaktu aku datang tadi malam

d.past perfect continous
contoh he had been reading the book when they arrived
dia telah sedang membaca buku ketika mereka datang

3.future tanse

a.simple future
contoh i shall go to surabaya tomorrow
aku akan pergi ke surabaya besok

b.future continous
contoh i shall study if you come tonight
aku akan belajar kalau kau datang malam ini

c.future perfect
contoh she will have bought a book
dia akan sudah membeli sebuah buku

d.future perfect continous
contoh he will have been teaching at SMA for six years
dia akan sudah sedang mengajar di SMA selama enam tahun.

II. verbal

1.present tense
a.simple present
contoh he goes to school every morning
dia pergi ke sekolah setiap pagi

b.present continous
contoh ratih is cooking rice
ratih sedang memasak nasi

c.present perfect
contoh he has gone since morning
dia sudah pergi sejak pagi

d.present perfect continous
contoh they have been studying since morning
mereka sudah sedang belajar sejak pagi

2.past tanse
a.simple past
contoh you walked to school yesterday
kau berjalan ke sekolah kemarin

b.past continous
contoh they were studying english all morning last monday
mereka sedang belajar bahasa inggris sepanjang senin pagi kemarin

c.past perfect
contoh they had gone when she called me
mereka sudah pergi ketika dia memaggil ku

d.past perfect continous
contoh he had been reading the book when they arrived
dia sudah sedang membaca buku ketika merka tiba

3.future tanse

a.simple future
contoh i will open the door
saya akan membuka pintu

b.future continous
contoh we shall be coming to your house tomorrow
kita akan sedang datang ke rumah mu besok

c.future perfect
contoh reni will have been at market
reni akan sudah berada di pasar

d.future perfect continous
contoh i shall have been studying here five months by the end of the june
aku akan sudah sedang belajar di sini selama lima tahun menjelang bulan juni