future continous tense

future continous tense(akan datang sedang berlangsung)

rumus

i/we/they/you/ he/she/it + will + be + verb + ing

contoh

i will be working at eight o'clock tomorrow morning
saya akan sedang bekerja pada pukul 8 besok pagi.

positif

i + will + be + working
we + will + be + working
they + will + be + working
you + will + be + working

he + will + be + working
she + will + be + working
it + will + be + working

negatif

i + will + not + be + working
we + will + not + be + working
they + will + not + be + working
you + will + not + be + working

he + will + not + be + working
she + will + not + be + working
it + will + not + be + working

introgative

will +i + be + working
will + we + be + working
will + they + be + working
will + you + be + working

will + he + be + working
will + she + be + working
will + it + be + working

indikasi waktu

as this time tomorrow = pada jam ini besok
at 9 o'clock tomorrow = pada jam 9 besok
at the same time tomorrow = pada saat yang sama besok

past perfect continous tense

past perfect continous tense(sudah di mulai dan masih berlangsung di waktu lampau)

di gunakan untuk menunjukan perbuatan yang berlangsung terus pada waktu lampau

contoh
when i came to padang in 2000,he had already been living there about 20 years
ketika saya datang ke padang tahun 2000,ia telah sedang tinggal disana sekitar 20 tahun

rumus

i/we/they/you/she/he/it + had + been verb + ing

positif

i + had + been + studying
we+ had + been + studying
they+ had + been + studying
you+ had + been + studying

she+ had + been + studying
he+ had + been + studying
it+ had + been + studying

negatif

i + had + not + been + studying
we+ had + not + been + studying
they+ had + not + been + studying
you+ had + not + been + studying

she+ had + not + been + studying
he+ had + not + been + studying
it+ had + not + been + studying

introgative

had + i + been + studying
had + we+ been + studying
had + they+ been + studying
had + you+ been + studying

had + she+ been + studying
had + he+ been + studying
had + it+ been + studying


indikasi waktu

when = ketika

past perfect tense

past perfect tense ( lampau selesai)

rumus

i/we/they/you/ she/you/it + had + verb3

di gunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah perbuatan yang sudah terjadi/selesai sebelum suatu perbuatan lain terjadi dan ini terjadi di masa lampau.

contoh

he had fallen before help him
ia telah jatuh sebelum saya tolong

she had loved me before i realized it
dia telah mencintai ku sebelum aku menyadarinya

positif

i + had + understand
we + had + understand
they + had+ understand
you + had+ understand

she + had+ understand
he + had+ understand
it + had+ understand

negatif

i + had + not+ understand
we + had + not + understand
they + had+ not + understand
you + had+ not + understand

she + had+ not + understand
he + had+ not + understand
it + had+ not + understand

introgrative

had +i + understand
had + we + understand
had+ they + understand
had+ you + understand

had+ she + understand
had+ he + understand
had+ it + understand

indikasi waktu

by the end of = menjelang akhir dari
before = sebelum

simple past tense

simple past tense(lampau)

rumus
i/we/they/you /she/he/it + verb2

di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang telah selesai pada waktu lampau

contoh

i went yesterday
saya pergi kemarin

did you go yesterday
apakah kamu pergi kemarin

i didn't go yesteray
saya tidak pergi kemarin

positif

i + went
we+ went
they+ went
you+ went

he+ went
she+ went
it+ went

negatif

i + did + not + go
we+ did + not + go
they+ did + not + go
you+ did + not + go

he+ did + not + go
she+ did + not + go
it+ did + not + go

introgative

did + i + go
did + we + go
did + they + go
did +you + go
did + he + go
did +she + go
did + it + go

indikasi waktu

yesterday = kemarin
the day before = kemarin dulu
ago = yang lalu
the other day = beberapa hari yang lalu
last time= terakhir kali
last monday = senin kemarin
last week = minggu kemarin
this morning = pagi ini
in 1964 = di tahun 1964
so = maka
lately=akhir akhir ini
when i was a girl = ketika saya seorang anak gadis

present perfect tanse

present perfect tanse

rumus
i/we/you/ they have + verb3
he/she/it has + verb3

di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau tetapi masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang

contoh

she has taught here since 1970
ia telah mengajar di sini sejak tahun 1970

menyatakan perbuatan yang telah terjadi
contoh

i have read your letter
saya telah membaca surat mu

positif

i + have + gone
we + have + gone
they + have + gone
you + have + gone

he + has+ gone
she + has + gone
it + has + gone

negatif

i + have +not + gone
we + have +not + gone
they + have +not + gone
you + have +not + gone

he + has +not + gone
she + has +not + gone
it + has +not + gone

introgative

have + i + gone
have +we + gone
have + they + gone
have + you + gone


has + he + gone
has + she + gone
has + it + gone

indikasi waktu

already = sudah
just = baru saja
yet = belum
as yet = hingga sekarang
so far= hingga sekarang
up to the present time= hingga sekarang
lately = akhir akhir ini
ever = pernah
never = tidk pernah
once = satu kali
twice = dua kali
three times = tiga kali
many times = banyak kali
several times beberapa kali
this week = minggu ini
this month = bulan ini
this year = tahun ini

present continous tanse

present continous tanse(sedang berbuat)

rumus to be + verb + ing + ing untuk semua subyek

a.di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung

contoh
they are studying now
mereka sedang belajar sekarang

he is playing football
ia sedang bermain sepak bola

b.menyatakan perbuatan yang bersifat sementara

contoh
she is reading now but she will write soon
ia sedang membaca sekarang tetapi ia akan segera menulis


positif

i + am + going
we + are + going
you + are + going
they + are + going

he + is + going
she + is + going
it + is + going

negatif

i + am + not + going
we + are+ not + going
you + are+ not + going
they + are+ not + going

he + is+ not + going
she + is+ not + going
it + is+ not + going

introgative

am + i + going
are + you + going
are + we + going
are + they + going

is + he + going
is + she + going
is + it + going

indikasi waktu

now = sekarang
right now = sekarang
at present = pada saat ini
at this moment = pada saat ini
today = hari ini
look = lihat
listen = dengar
still = masih
this morning = pagi ini
this afternoon = sore ini

*dapat digunakan untuk past tense juga
this evening = malam ini
tonight = malam ini
tomorrow = besok
next week = minggu depan
next month = bulan depan
next year = tahun depan
this holiday = liburan ini
this weekend = minggu ini
soon = segera * dapat digunakan untuk future tanse

simple present tense

simple present tense(kebiasaan)

rumus i/we/you/they verb
he/she/it verb + s

digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan
contoh

i go to school yesterday
saya pergi ke sekolah setip hari

he always gets up at five o,clock
ia selalu bangun pukul 5

menyatakan kebenaran yang tidak terbantah
contoh

a week has seven days
seminggu ada 7 hari

the sun rises in the east
mata hari terbit di sebelah timur

positif
i+ go
we+ go
you + go
they+ go

he+ goes
she + goes
it+ goes

introgative
do + they + go
do + we + go
do + i + go
do + you + go

does + he+ go
does + she+ go
does + it+ go

negatif
i do + not go
we do + not go
you do + not go
they do + not go

he does + not go
she does + not go
it does + not go

kata kata yang mengindikasikan simple present tanse

always = selalu
usually = biasanya
generally = umumnya
often = sering
sometimes = kadang kadang
seldom= jarang
never = tidak pernah
as a rule = biasanya
frequently = sering
nowadays = sekarang
here = di sini
there = di sana
habitually = biasanya

setiap
every morning = setiap pagi
every day= setiap hari
every monday= setiap senin

kadang kadang
now end then = kadang kadang
on and off= kadang kadang
once in a while= kadang kadang
occassionally= kadang kadang